Fluoride sorption by zirconium (IV) loaded carboxylated orange peel

摘要

The article reports on an investigation into the ability of zirconium (IV)-loaded carboxylated orange peel to remove the fluoride ion from drinking water and the parameters involved in this process. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were used to characterize the adsorbent. The results suggested that the adsorbent exhibited reasonably significant fluoride removal over a wide range of pH value (3.0-8.0). The kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherm has been modeled by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and DR equation. The adsorption isotherm was well described by DR equation. The negative value of Delta G degrees and positive value of Delta H degrees revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The presence of