Alternative Fuels and Raw Material (AFR)

摘要

Since the first oil crisis in the early 1970s, cement producers, along with other resources-intensive industries (RIIs), have been looking for ways to cut costs using alternative fuels, and have learned that they must, nonetheless, respect the needs of their processes. Today, knowledge of virtually all process, product and emissions parameters is at an unprecedentedly high level. The outstanding performance of the cement production process, with its high temperatures of around 2000℃ and super-stoichiometric lime content, with its adsorbing effect, presents a certain duality for the waste-management market: Cement kilns co-processing hazardous waste are explicitly mentioned in the Stockholm Convention as the industrial process with the greatest potential for the elimination of persistent organic pollutants, on the one hand, and for the valorization of non-hazardous waste containing high levels of non-biodegradable and non-recyclable compounds, which can be pre-processed and then used as working stock, on the other hand.