The biggest theme running across this year's Busworld - with buses mainly, but starting also to impact on coaches - was the move to electric traction. In Europe, the biggest impetus behind this is coming from the Netherlands, where the state plan is that all new buses for franchised public transport services will be zero emission by 2025, and from France where Paris intends to ban all internal combustion-engined vehicles by 2030. The Dutch drive has turned VDL into one of Europe's leading manufacturers of electric buses.
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