Energy shifts and electronic structure changes in alloys: an unfulfilled Promise?

摘要

The sensitivity of CPS and Auger core level energies to the chemical environment promises a direct method for the determination of valence electronic changes. In alloys involving noble metals, the seemingly simple relations between the energy shifts and the d- and sp-electron occupations is complicated by a number of factors: they involve the relative Fermi energy, a bulk quantity not accessible to direct measurement; they involve potential parameters whose values in the solid are not well known; and relaxation, or screening, of the final state must take into account the difference of the d-and sp-electrons.