Estimate of annual NH_3 dry deposition to a fumigated ombrotrophic bog using concentration-dependent deposition velocities

摘要

Estimates of the dry deposition of ammonia (NH_3) gas in a field fumigation experiment on an ombrotrophic bog have been made using the inferential technique, with measured wind speed at 2 m, and air concentrations at two heights above the vegetation. The parameters for a concentration-dependent surface resistance term have been derived from flux measurements over the same vegetation in a chamber study, separating stomatal from non-stomatal resistances. Annual NH3-N deposition in each of the 4 years 2003-2006 was estimated to increase from 3.0 ± 0.2 kg N ha~(-1) y~(-1) in ambient air, with an NH3 concentration at 0.5 m above the canopy of 0.7 μg m~(-3), to 50-70 kg N ha~(-1) y~(-1) where annual average air concentrations were 70-90 μg m~(-3) and concentrations during fumigation were up to 1600 μg m~(-3). The equivalent deposition velocities (at z = 0.5 m) were 0.016 ms~(-1) in ambient air and 0.003 m s~(-1) at 100 μgm~(-3). The differences between annual deposition estimates made from independent air concentration data at 0.1 m and 0.5 m above the canopy were small for distances more than 10 m from the source, after vertical mixing was complete. Over 4 years (2003-2006) and at eight sampling points more than 10 m from the NH_3 source, the mean difference between the dry deposition estimates, using NH_3 concentrations measured independently at 0.1 m and 0.5 m above the canopy, was 2%. Use of a constant surface resistance, with no concentration dependence, as commonly used in inferential models of dry deposition, would have predicted deposition up to eight times too large.