New Directions: Time to tackle urban wood burning?

摘要

Up to the last decades of the 20th Century, air pollution in major European cities was dominated by solid fuel combustion. The health consequences of urban solid fuel emissions were brought abruptly to prominence with London's 1952 smog. Since this time urban air pollution has improved thanks to legislative interventions and the increased availability of oil and natural gas. Problems arising from solid fuel combustion were thought to be consigned to history and road transport has become the focus of air quality management in major European cities. Prominent innovations include Low Emission Zones (LEZs) that bring forward road traffic emissions improvements by the prohibition of the oldest and most polluting vehicles. Despite these measures, major European cities are struggling to attain Limit Values for PM_(10) that were originally set for 2005 and new policy pressures are arising from requirements to reduce PM_(2.5) exposure by 2020.