EU Project 'School of the Future'-Refurbishment of School Buildings Toward Zero Emission with High-Performance Indoor Environment

摘要

The aim of the School of the Future project (Fraunhofer-IBP 2015), which receives funding within the European Union's 7th Framework Program, is to design, demonstrate, evaluate, and communicate shining examples of how to reach the future high-performance building level. School buildings, their owners, and their primary users, namely students, i.e., the next generation, are the focus of the project. The energy and indoor environment performance of four demonstration buildings in four European countries and climates have been significantly improved due to holistic retrofits of the building envelope, their service systems, and the integration ofrenew-ables and building management systems. It is anticipated that the results of the project and the associated research and dissemination efforts will support others dealing with building retrofits and will thereby have a multiplied impact on other schools and on the residential sector since the students will act as communicators to their families. Training sessions specifically tailored to their needs have improved user behavior and awareness of energy efficiency and indoor environment. The success is measured by how well the retrofits meet the following goals: 1. Reduction of the total energy use by more than a factor of 3, verified through monitoring 2. Reduction of the heating energy use by more than 75%, verified through monitoring The improvement of the indoor environment quality (air, daylight, acoustic, thermal comfort) and the associated impact on the students' performance will be analyzed by short-term measurements and questionnaires. The work of the local integrated planning teams responsible for retrofitting the demonstration buildings at each city (Stuttgart, Germany; Cesena, Italy; Ballerup, Denmark; and Drammen, Norway) was mirrored by the Design Advice and Evaluation Group, which is composed of all industry and research partners of the project. Highlights of the retrofit technologies applied in the four schools include greatly improved thermal quality of the opaque building envelope components, triple-glazed windows (also in a listed historic, heritage protected building), an automatically controlled natural ventilation system based on CO_2 sensors, a cogeneration unit, a ground-coupled heat pump, subdivision of heating circuits, adaptation of the heating and ventilation system operation to actual room use, rooftop-mounted photovoltaic systems, LED lighting, and removal of an external brick facade plus addition of insulation and new lightweight facade envelope. This paper provides an introduction to the EU project. It includes allresults and a comparison of the four demonstration buildings as well as a more detailed description of the German demonstration project.