Hot-Water Use in Hotels: Part 1-Hotel Hot-Water System Monitoring Techniques

摘要

This is the first in a series of technical papers written to describe results of ASHRAE Research Project 1544. Because of ASHRAE 's limitations on the number of figures and tables and overall paper length, it is not possible to present results from the research project in a single paper. It is anticipated that between 6 and 10 technical papers will ultimately be written describing findings from the research. The first three of these papers have been submitted for simultaneous publication. Hot-water use in hotels and its associated energy use is significant. However, information on hotel hot-water use patterns has been limited until now, resulting in most hotel hot-water systems being designed using extremely old (45 to 80 years old) hot-water use data that predate the introduction of water- and energy-efficient fixtures and appliances. In recognition of this fact, ASHRAE funded Research Project 1544 "Establishing Benchmark Levels and Patterns of Commercial Hot-Water Use-Hotels " to both develop a monitoring methodology that could be duplicated by others to collect hot-water use data from a larger number of hotels and to obtain updated hot-water use information from at least two hotels. This first paper describes the technique used to locate and solicit participating hotels, details about the hotels tested, and the instrumentation, data collection approach, and equipment used in the field test effort. Additional technical papers being released simultaneously with this paper describe data collected from two hotels tested, discussing similarities and differences. Those additional papers describe in detail the observed hot-water use time diversity. Subsequent technical papers to be published at a later date describe a procedure that was developed for normalizing the results so they can be applied to hotels of different sizes and with different types of hot-water-using equipment and fixtures. This normalization procedure led to the development of a new hotel hot-water system sizing procedure, complete with design examples, which is also described in subsequent technical papers being released at a later date. All of this information is included in the project final report (Hiller and Johnson 2015).