Comparison of Tm : ZBLAN and Tm : silica fiber lasers; Spectroscopy and tunable pulsed laser operation around 1.9 mu m

摘要

Tm-doped ZBLAN and Tm-doped silica glass are compared spectroscopically and the fiber lasing of the Tm F-3(4) -->H-3(6) transition around 1.9 mum in ZBLAN and silica fibers is compared. The spectroscopy of these materials indicates that Tm:ZBLAN possesses advantages over Tm:silica glass due to the lower phonon energies. The phonon energy in these glass hosts influences both the pump manifold lifetime, the Tm H-3(4), and the upper laser manifold lifetime, the Tm F-3(4). The maximum phonon energy in Tm:ZBLAN, similar to500 cm(-1) , compared to Tm:silica, similar to1100 cm(-1), leads to better Tm-Tm self quenching towards populating the Tm F-3(4), as well as better Tm F-3(4)-->H-3(6) quantum efficiency. A spectroscopic analysis using the Judd-Ofelt theory and measured lifetimes are used to assess the merits of Tm:ZBLAN over Tm:silica as a fiber laser material. Diode-pumped fiber lasing experiments show that Tm:ZBLAN possesses advantages over Tm:silica that are believed to be due to a lower phonon energy. Data is presented for launched pump energy versus laser energy, fiber length versus slope efficiency, and output mirror reflectivity versus slope efficiency. Tm:ZBLAN is demonstrated to possess higher slope efficiencies and lower thresholds, than Tm:silicate. A grating tuned Tm:ZBLAN laser is also demonstrated for tunable operation between 1.893 mum and 1.955 mum. [References: 28]