Rate of chloramine decay at pipe surfaces

摘要

Water utilities must ensure that adequate residual concentrations of secondary disinfectants persist throughout the distribution system to prevent bacterial regrowth. To predict disinfectant concentrations, a utility must use a combination of modeling and water quality field sampling, which is expensive. The need for sampling can be reduced if a utility has a more robust water quality modeling capacity. This study extends the understanding of the rate of chloramine decay in the distributionrnsystem, enabling utilities to make better predictions of chloramine residuals and, perhaps, to reduce the amount of costly sampling required.