Institutional Strategies to Achieve Gender Equity in Intercollegiate Athletics: Does Title IX Harm Male Athletes?

摘要

The year 2002 marked the 30th anniversary of the passage of Title IX, which prohibits discrimination by gender in any federally funded educational activity Although the scope of Title IX includes all aspects of education, one area that has received particular attention is that of college athletics; essentially, Title IX requires that all institutions of higher education provide student access to sport participation on a gender-neutral basis. As a result, athletic opportunities for female undergraduates have expanded significantly, although not to equality with men, since 1972. For example, the female share of college athletes rose to 42 percent in 2000-2001 from only 15 percent in 1972 (U.S. Department of Education, 1997, 2003). One policy concern addressed in this paper is whether this movement toward gender equity was achieved by increasing athletic opportunities for women or by decreasing opportunities for men.