建築設備の施工・保全における危険予知シートの試行と安全管理の留意点に関する検討: 建築設備の施工・保全における危険・リスク回避に関する実践的研究

摘要

Accidents during construction of building facilities were analyzed by using official statistics. Falling from a height and being hit by flying/falling objects were highly frequent events at both construction and renovation sites. In addition, it was observed that accidents involving electricity and explosions typical of renovation of building facilities occurred with a high frequency. Although risk assessment is mostly carried out in a construction project, we were aware of the necessity for systemizing risk assessment in building facilities, and thus, we attempted to prepare danger evaluation training sheets (danger evaluation sheet for building facilities).rnTo analyze experience workers' danger evaluation skills on their position, and age, supervisors and workers on actual sites were given test training using the danger evaluation sheets mentioned above.rnThe test was administered to supervisors and workers of a specialized construction company and its subcontractor. The total number of test subjects was 312, with nearly equal proportions of supervisors and workers.rnA test subject was allowed to choose two or three out of ten danger evaluation sheets and freely fill them at a construction siternor during a technical meeting. Completed sheets were scored on a scale extending up to 100 by referring to model answers. No time limit was specified for giving the so as to allow the respondents time to think.rnBy using the above-mentioned procedure, a total of 671 sheets were collected: 162 sheets from supervisors with no experience, 150 sheets from experienced supervisors, and 359 sheets from workers.rnWith the aim of facilitating safety exercises/drills for works in building facilities, the feasibility of the danger evaluation sheets was examined. The sheets were designed to make danger evaluation training effective.this training test subjects are required to use their imagination and freely point out dangers at a model construction site.rnThese sheets were actually tested by on-site supervisors and workers. Answers written by them were scored and aggregated for use as reference data. From multifaceted data analyses, it was found that supervisors tended to achieve higher scores than workers and that the score increased with experience and age; however, the score decreased among people over the age of 60.rnOur future task is to examine how the results of this study can be used to implement safety measures for workers at construction sites.%建築設備に着目した安全活動、教育・訓練、危険・リスク回避などの安全管理手法などについては、体系的に調査研究されていないのが現状である。本論文では、建築設備の施工・保全における危険・リスク回避に関する実践的研究として位置づけ、建築設備の施工・保全における危険予知シートの試行と安全管理の留意点をまとめる。そのため、建築設備に関連が深い危険予知シートを試作、試行し、それらの分析結果と効果についてまとめるとともに、よりきめ細かい安全管理を実践するための手法として、時系列的分析による安全管理手法を検討したので、それらについて報告する。