Storyline description of Southern Hemisphere midlatitude circulation and precipitation response to greenhouse gas forcing

摘要

Annual mean response to climate change scaled (i.e. divided) by global warming in CMIP5 multimodel ensemble mean (MEM) precipitation and MEM 850-hPa zonal wind ( 850), MIROC-ESM precipitation, and  GFDL-ESM-2G precipitation (colours). The climate response is evaluated as the 2069–2099 mean in the RCP8.5 scenario minus the 1940–1970 mean in the historical simulations. Black contours show 3 mm day and (b) MEM climatological precipitation and 850 respectively in the historical simulations. The two model responses shown in panels , are merely to illustrate the range of model responses; they were chosen because they belong to different quadrants in the two panels in Fig.  . Stippling in , indicates regions where changes are statistically significant at the level compared to the internal variability in each model