Biomarkers in Natural Fish Populations Indicate Adverse Biological Effects of Offshore Oil Production

摘要

BackgroundDespite the growing awareness of the necessity of a sustainable development, the global economy continues to depend largely on the consumption of non-renewable energy resources. One such energy resource is fossil oil extracted from the seabed at offshore oil platforms. This type of oil production causes continuous environmental pollution from drilling waste, discharge of large amounts of produced water, and accidental spills.