Optimal effect-site concentration of remifentanil for minimizing cardiovascular changes caused by fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation

摘要

BackgroundEndotracheal intubation induces clinically adverse cardiovascular changes. Various pharmacological strategies for controlling these responses have been suggested with opioids being widely administered. In this study, the optimal effect-site concentration (Ce) of remifentanil for minimizing hemodynamic responses to fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation was evaluated.