Feedback mechanisms stabilise degraded turf algal systems at a CO

摘要

a In elevated pCO2 locations, turf algae covered most of the available space on shallow sublittoral rock. b By the end of summer, before the arrival of autumn typhoons, opportunistic fast-growing turf algae completely smothered rock surfaces. The predominant species forming the turf algal mat is Biddulphia biddulphiana (J.E.Smith) Boyer (for further description of the turf algal mat, see Supplementary Methods and Harvey et al.34).