Zero-iodinated contrast retrograde percutaneous coronary interventions of chronic total occlusions using gadolinium and imaging guidance: a case report of a patient with severe anaphylaxis to iodinated contrast

摘要

Gadolinium-based contrast agents have been used as an alternative to iodinated contrast agents for simple percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. Their use has been limited in complex PCI due to poor image quality with gadolinium contrast. Significant dilution of gadolinium is required in an effort to avoid malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Further, the recommended amount of gadolinium contrast that can be used is very limited.