Parallel Sequencing of Wolbachia wCer2 from Donor and Novel Hosts Reveals Multiple Incompatibility Factors and Genome Stability after Host Transfers

摘要

The application of in insect pest and vector control requires the establishment of genotypically stable host associations. The cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) inducing strain Cer2 naturally occurs in the cherry fruit fly as co-infection with other strains and was transferred to other fruit fly species by embryonic microinjections. We obtained Cer2 genome data from its native and three novel hosts, , , and and assessed its genome stability, characteristics, and CI factor ( ) genes. De novo assembly was successful from cell-enriched singly infected embryos, with minimal host and other bacterial genome traces. The low yield of sequence reads from total genomic extracts of one multiply infected pupa and one singly infected adult limited de novo assemblies but was sufficient for comparative analyses. Across hosts Cer2 was stable in genome synteny and content. Polymorphic nucleotide sites were found in Cer2 of each host; however, only one nucleotide was different between and , and none between replicated lines. The Cer2 genome is highly similar to Au ( ), Mel ( ), and Rec ( ). In contrast to Mel and Rec (each with one gene pair) and Au (without any genes), Cer2 has three pairs of Type I genes, and one Type V gene without a complement. This may explain previously reported CI patterns of Cer2, including incomplete rescue of its own CI modification in three novel host species.