Alzheimer’s disease progression characterized by alterations in the molecular profiles and biogenesis of brain extracellular vesicles

摘要

Characterization of brain-derived EV enriched by PROSPR from subjects with AD. Size distribution profiles of brain EV obtained by NTA from preclinical subjects with AD. Independent runs are indicated in green, averaged distribution with standard deviation is shown in red. EV populations that qualify as exosomes by size are shaded under the curve in blue (0–150 nm) and yellow shade indicates EV populations that qualify as microvesicles (150–500 nm). EV characteristic spherical shape was observed in the majority of NTA detected particles as can be seen in the representative image. Presence of the exosome-specific marker Alix and the EV tetraspanin marker CD9 identified by Western blot (WB) in brain-derived EV from subjects with AD at different Braak stages (AD3–AD5). Equal protein loading is shown in the Ponceau S stained blot displayed on the right of WB results. Whole WB membranes are shown in Supplementary Figure