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Childrens Expressions of Positive Emotion are Sustained by Smiling Touching and Playing with Parents and Siblings: A Naturalistic Observational Study of Family Life

机译:通过父母兄弟姐妹的微笑抚摸和玩耍来维持儿童积极情绪的表达:家庭生活的自然观察性研究

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摘要

Research on family socialization of positive emotion has primarily focused on the infant and toddler stages of development, and relied on observations of parent-child interactions in highly structured laboratory environments. Little is known about how children's spontaneous expressions of positive emotion are maintained in the uncontrolled settings of daily life, particularly within the family and during the school-age years. This naturalistic observational study examines three family behaviors - mutual display of positive emotion, touch and joint leisure – that surround 8 to 12 year-old children's spontaneous expressions of positive emotion, and tests whether these behaviors help to sustain children's expressions. Recordings taken of 31 families in their homes and communities over two days were screened for moments when children spontaneously expressed positive emotion in the presence of at least one parent. Children were more likely to sustain their expressions of positive emotion when mothers, fathers or siblings showed positive emotion, touched, or participated in a leisure activity. There were few differences in the ways that mothers and fathers socialized their sons’ and daughters’ positive emotion expressions. This study takes a unique, ecologically valid approach to assess how family members connect to children's expressions of positive emotion in middle childhood. Future observational studies should continue to explore mechanisms of family socialization of positive emotion, in laboratory and naturalistic settings.
机译:关于积极情绪的家庭社会化的研究主要集中在婴儿和幼儿的发展阶段,并依赖于在高度结构化的实验室环境中对亲子互动的观察。对于如何在不受控制的日常生活中,尤其是在家庭内部和学龄期间,如何保持儿童自发的积极情绪表达知之甚少。这项自然主义的观察性研究研究了三种家庭行为-相互展示积极情绪,接触和共同休闲-围绕着8至12岁儿童的自发表达积极情绪,并测试了这些行为是否有助于维持孩子的表情。筛选了两天中31个家庭在其家庭和社区中拍摄的记录,以记录儿童在至少一位父母在场的情况下自发表达积极情绪的时刻。当母亲,父亲或兄弟姐妹表现出积极情绪,被抚摸或参加休闲活动时,儿童更有可能维持积极情绪的表达。父母对儿子和女儿的积极情感表达进行社交的方式几乎没有差异。这项研究采用了一种独特的,在生态上有效的方法来评估家庭成员如何与儿童在童年中期的积极情绪表达建立联系。未来的观察研究应继续探索在实验室和自然主义环境中积极情绪的家庭社会化机制。

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