Ginseng authenticity testing by measuring carbon nitrogen and sulfur stable isotope compositions that differ based on cultivation land and organic fertilizer type

摘要

BackgroundThe natural ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) stable isotopes can be varied in some specific living organisms owing to various isotopic fractionation processes in nature. Therefore, the analysis of C, N, and S stable isotope ratios in ginseng can provide a feasible method for determining ginseng authenticity depending on the cultivation land and type of fertilizer.