Frequent aberrant DNA methylation of ABCB1 FOXC1 PPP2R2B and PTEN in ductal carcinoma in situ and early invasive breast cancer

摘要

IntroductionDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive lesion of the breast that is frequently detected by mammography and subsequently removed by surgery. However, it is estimated that about half of the detected lesions would never have progressed into invasive cancer. Identifying DCIS and invasive cancer specific epigenetic lesions and understanding how these epigenetic changes are involved in triggering tumour progression is important for a better understanding of which lesions are at risk of becoming invasive.