An ultrasonic-assisted technique was employed to extract crude polysaccharide from Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies. Single-factor tests and orthogonal experimental design (L 9(33)) were used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. Results showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: ultrasonic temperature, 40 °C; ultrasonic time, 50 min; water to raw material ratio, 25 ml/g; ultrasonic frequency, 45 kHz; and ultrasonic power, 100 W. Three novel T. matsutake polysaccharide (TMP) fractions (TMP30, TMP60, and TMP80) were isolated and purified from TMP by stepwise alcohol precipitation. Their preliminary structural features were determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analyses. Furthermore, their in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in terms of a reducing power assay and the scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. The order of the various fractions based on their antioxidant activity was TMP80>TMP>TMP60>TMP30. These findings suggested that novel polysaccharide fractions from T. matsutake, especially TMP80, could be promising active macromolecules for biomedical use.
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