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Physical fitness of 9 year olds in England: related factors.

机译:英国9岁儿童的身体素质:相关因素。

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摘要

STUDY OBJECTIVE--To examine the influence of social factors, passive smoking, and other parental health related factors, as well as anthropometric and other measurements on children's cardiorespiratory fitness. DESIGN--This was a cross sectional study. SETTING--The analysis was based on 22 health areas in England. PARTICIPANTS--The subjects were 299 boys and 282 girls aged 8 to 9 years. Parents did not give positive consent for 15% of the eligible sample. A further 25% of the eligible sample did not participate because the cycle-ergometer broke down, study time was insufficient, or they were excluded from the analysis because they were from ethnic minority groups or had missing data on one continuous variable. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined using the cycle-ergometer test. It was measured in terms of PWC85%-that is, power output per body weight (watt/kg) assessed at 85% of maximum heart rate. The association between children's fitness and biological and social factors was analysed in two stages. Firstly, multiple logistic analysis was used to examine the factors associated with the children's ability to complete the test for at least four minutes. Secondly, multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the independent association of the factors with PWC85%. In the logistic analysis, shorter children, children with higher blood pressure, and boys with a larger sibship size had poorer fitness. In the multiple regression analysis, only height (p < 0.001) was positively associated, and the sum of skinfold thicknesses at four sites (p = 0.001) was negatively associated with fitness in both sexes. In girls, a positive association was found with pre-exercise peak expiratory flow rate (p < 0.05), and there were negative associations with systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) and family history of heart attack (p < 0.05). In boys an association was found with skinfold distribution and fitness (p < 0.05), so that children with relatively less body fat were fitter. Social and health behaviour factors such as father's social class, father's employment status, or parents' smoking habits were unrelated to child's fitness. CONCLUSION--Height and obesity are strongly associated, and systolic blood pressure to a small extent, with children's fitness, but social factors are unrelated.
机译:研究目的-研究社会因素,被动吸烟和其他父母健康相关因素以及人体测量学和其他测量对儿童心肺健康的影响。设计-这是一项横断面研究。地点-分析是基于英格兰的22个健康地区。参与者-受试者为8至9岁的299名男孩和282名女孩。父母未对15%的合格样本给予正面同意。另有25%的合格样本未参加,原因是自行车测功机损坏,研究时间不足或由于其来自少数民族或缺少一个连续变量的数据而被排除在分析之外。测量和主要结果-使用循环测功机测试确定心肺适应性。它是根据PWC85%来衡量的,也就是说,以最大心率的85%评估的每体重功率输出(瓦特/千克)。分两个阶段分析了儿童的身体素质与生物学和社会因素之间的关联。首先,采用多元逻辑分析法检查与儿童至少完成四分钟测试能力有关的因素。其次,使用多元线性回归分析来检验因素与PWC85%的独立关联。在逻辑分析中,身材矮小的孩子,血压高的孩子以及同胞大小的男孩的体质较差。在多元回归分析中,只有身高(p <0.001)与正相关,而在四个部位的皮褶厚度总和(p = 0.001)与男女的身体素质呈负相关。在女孩中,与运动前峰值呼气流速呈正相关(p <0.05),与收缩压(p <0.05)和心脏病发作家族史(p <0.05)呈负相关。在男孩中发现皮褶分布与体适能相关(p <0.05),因此体脂相对较少的孩子更健康。父亲的社会阶层,父亲的就业状况或父母的吸烟习惯等社会和健康行为因素与孩子的健康状况无关。结论-身高和肥胖与儿童血压的高低密切相关,收缩压在很小的范围内,但社会因素无关。

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