Caractérisation de la diversité d’une population de vignes sauvages du Pic Saint-Loup (Hérault) et relations avec le compartiment cultivé

摘要

Vitis vinifera is in fact the only species of grapevine endemic in Europe. The wild compartment Vitis vinifera subspecies silvestris suffers of important erosion and just a few populations are still subsisting today. To better know the relations between the wild and the cultivated compartment we began a study about the diversity of the natural populations. For that, a group of about fifteen wild vines being situated on the Pic Saint-Loup (Hérault, France) has been characterized. The mapping of the population and some biological characteristics are presented. We verified that most of the accessions owned effectively flowers showing separated sex. The majority of the vines (58%) were male. The diversity inside the population is discussed and compared through different approaches. We analyzed the morphology of the accessions by ampelography and measurement of the leaves. The molecular polymorphism of the individuals has been evaluated with ten microsatellites loci and we checked the degree of tolerance of the accessions to powdery mildiou (Uncinula necator) and to phylloxera. With the molecular markers we also compared the data of the wild population to the results obtained on a sample of old varieties originated from the area and of the actual main cultivated varieties. The principal component analysis based on these molecular data shows finally a very clear division between the wild accessions and the cultivated varieties.