应对气候变化之政策与政策工具选择

摘要

Confronted with urgent situation of global climate change, Europe and the United States turn their slogans into action after many years' matching and balancing. Actually, various countries carry out the carbon reduction system mixed with carbon tax under the market mechanism and the emissions trading system. In the selection of tools, those countries follow fair, adaptive and effective standards. China uses administrative means as the policy tool. The method can be taken into consideration that specialists and the government make joint decisions, following the common but differential rule. Setting up policy mechanism for emissions reduction should give priority to the market, combined with administration and legal supervision as backing, taking ad- vantage of economic tools, political tools and legal tools.%在应对全球气候变化的紧迫形势下,经过多年的博弈,欧美将口号变为实际行动,各国基本实行的是市场机制下的碳税、排放贸易机制混合的碳减排制度,在工具选择上遵循公平性、适应性和有效性的标准。我国目前气候变化政策工具主要采用行政手段,可考虑由专家与政府共同决策,按照共同但有区别原则、分地区集团化进行的减排路径,建立以市场为主、行政为辅、法律监管为后盾的减排政策机制,实现经济工具、政治工具、法律工具的三位一体。