齿墩内流消能工的水力及消能特性试验研究

摘要

Tooth block is a new-type inner energy dissipater which is used in the pressure pipeline. In order to analyze its hydraulic characteristics and energy dissipation effects,this paper researched the shape optimized inner energy dissipaters of tooth block through physical model test,and got the following conclusions:the time-averaged pressure of three schemes is stable in the upstream. The pressure reduces sharply in the inlet of tooth block all of a sudden and reduces to minimize in position 0. 2D,then the pressure rises and levels off after position 6D. The time-averaged decreasing amplitude is large when the area contraction ratio of inner energy dissipaters of tooth block is small. The flow coefficient increasing amplitude and the flow capacity are small when the area contraction ratio is small. The head loss coefficient of three schemes is not obviously change when the flow rate increases to a certain degree. The head loss coefficient decreasing amplitude is small and its values are large when the area contraction ratio of inner energy dissipaters of tooth block is small. The energy dissipation ratio is large and the energy dissipation effect is better when the area contraction ratio of inner energy dissipaters of tooth block is small.%齿墩是用于有压管道中的一种新型内流消能工，为了分析其水力特性和消能效果，通过物理模型试验，对体型优化后的齿墩内流消能工进行了研究。结果表明：3种面积收缩比齿墩内流消能工时均压强在齿墩段上游很稳定，在齿墩进口压强突然急剧降低并在距齿墩进口处降到最低，随后压强升高，在齿墩下游较远处趋于平稳。齿墩内流消能工的面积收缩比小时，时均压强降幅大，流量系数较小，过流能力也小；3种面积收缩比方案的水头损失系数在流量增大到一定程度后不再发生明显变化，当齿墩内流消能工的面积收缩比小时，水头损失系数降幅小，但水头损失系数的值大；当齿墩内流消能工的面积收缩比小时，其消能率大，消能效果最好。