为探索黄河潼关河段污染物扩散和自净降解规律，以渭河高浓度废污水为示踪剂，2011年5月，在渭河入黄口以下8 km左右的潼关河段设置14个断面，同步观测采样点水文要素和水质因子，分析渭河入黄后污染物沿程浓度分布情况。试验数据显示，渭河水体中高浓度氨氮在渭河入黄口下游约8 km处基本混合均匀。通过现场污染带观测，在基本了解污染物在此河段的混合特性和水质降解特性的基础上，采用Matlab非线性最小二乘法计算求得该河段当时水文条件下纵向离散系数、横向扩散系数Ex、Ey分别为31、0．26 m2／s。%Pollutants with high concentration from the Weihe River could be regarded as the “tracer” to study the partial⁃mixing and dispersion features of Tongguan reach of the Yellow River. In May 2011, 14 sections were set up in Tongguan reach about 8 km downstream from the Weihe River confluence, synchronous sampling points including hydrological elements and water quality factors, characteristics of pollutants distribution along the river have been obtained by the proposed tracer experiment. The results show that ammonia and nitrogen are mixing evenly after the downstream of 8 km from the Weihe River confluence. Based on the observation of pollution zone, mixing characteristic of the pollutants and the water quality degradation characteristics have been understood, a nonlinear least squares procedure in Matlab is applied to estimate the diffusion coefficients. The analysis results show that the longitudinal diffusion coefficient Ex is 31 m2/s and the lateral diffusion coefficient Ey is 0.26 m2/s respectively.
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