基底核中腺苷A2A受体和多巴胺D2受体调节睡眠-觉醒作用机制

摘要

More and more studies began to pay attentions to the role of basal ganglia (BG) on sleep-wake regulation, among which striatum and globus pallidus might be the key structures in control of sleep and wakefulness. Adenosine A2A receptor and dopamine D2 receptors are highly co-expressed in the BG, particularly in the neurons of globus pallidus and the striatum. Adenosine is one of the strongest sleep-promoting endogenous substances so far discovered. It induces sleep via activating A1 and A2A receptors. While the dopamine D2 receptor plays an important role in the maintenance of wakefulness. These results strongly suggest the regulating role of the A2Aand D2 receptors in the BG in the regulation of sleep-wake. The excitatory adenosine A2A receptors can activate the inhibitory GABA neurons in the nucleus accumbens thereby inhibit major arousal systems and promote sleep;while the inhibitory dopamine and D2 receptor system play the opposite effects. The review will summarize the progress in the sleep-wake regulation of A2A receptor and D2 receptor in the BG.%越来越多的研究关注基底核（basal ganglia，BG）对睡眠-觉醒的调节作用，其中纹状体和苍白球可能是控制睡眠和觉醒的关键结构。腺苷A2A受体与多巴胺D2受体在基底核中均高度共表达，特别是在纹状体。腺苷是目前为止发现的最强的内源性促眠物质之一，可通过激活 A1和 A2A受体诱导睡眠。而多巴胺 D2受体对于觉醒的维持有着重要作用。这些研究成果均提示基底核中A2A受体和D2受体调节睡眠-觉醒，腺苷作用于兴奋性的A2A受体，增加伏隔核中抑制性 GABA 能神经元活性，抑制主要觉醒系统，促进睡眠；抑制性多巴胺 D2受体系统则发挥了相反的作用。本文综述基底核中腺苷A2A受体和多巴胺D2受体调节睡眠-觉醒机制。