城市高耗水现象及其机理分析

摘要

In order to break the "black model" of water dissipation in urban area,statistical analysis,experimental observations and case studies methods were used to analyze the urban water dissipation phenomenon and to explore its mechanism.Results showed that cities belong to the high water dissipation area,and the intensity of water dissipation is not only related to meteorological factors such as precipitation and temperature,but also closely related to human activities.Taking Beijing City as an example,this paper established a calculation model of urban water dissipation,and calculated the spatial distribution value of water dissipation in Beijing in 2014 based on land use data.Considering the water dissipation of human water use activity,the water dissipation in urban areas was significantly higher than that of suburbs and the evapotranspiration of natural underlying surfaces.%为了打破城市耗水的“黑箱”模式,采用统计分析、实验观测以及典型区实证研究等方法,对城市耗水现象及机理开展研究.结果表明,城市属于高耗水区域,耗水强度不仅与降水量、气温等气象因素有关,同时与人类活动紧密相关.以北京市为例,建立了城市耗水计算模型,并基于土地利用数据,计算了北京市2014年耗水空间分布,考虑人类用水产生的耗水后,城市区域的耗水量要明显高于郊区以及自然下垫面的蒸散发量.