废水中硝酸盐的硫自养反硝化工艺处理研究与进展

摘要

含氮化肥的大量使用和生活、工业等废水的排放与不当处理会造成水体中硝酸盐浓度急剧上升,引起水体富营养化等环境问题,甚至危害人体健康.文中介绍了硫自养反硝化工艺在去除废水中硝酸盐方面的研究与应用,包括分析工艺优缺点、针对工艺缺陷提出解决方案,并阐述了硫自养反硝化工艺与其他工艺相结合的研究进展.同时结合硫铁矿在含水层中生物修复硝酸盐的成功案例,综述了硫铁矿作为反硝化电子供体处理污染水体中硝酸盐的可能性以及处理过程中存在的问题和今后发展.未来硫铁矿作为填料的湿地系统进行反硝化脱氮是可行的.%Excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agricultural activities and inappropriate treatment and emissions of waste waters result in a tremendous increase in the nitrate concentration,and causing eutrophication and other environmental problems for both surface water and groundwater ecosystems and even causing risk to human health.The paper presents a compilation of various autotrophic ways of sulfur denitrification,addresses their advantages and drawbacks,put forward the solutions towards the factors of adverse impact on the wastewater and analyses the research progress of stdfur and sulfide autotrophic denitrification technologies combined with various reactors and other processes.Meanwhile,the paper explores the possibility of pyrite as electron donor in nitrate treatment combined with its successful cases of nitrate bioremediation in the aquifer and discusses the existing problems and future development.Pyrite,as a novel filter material inside the wetland system,is feasible in the nitrogen removal by denitrification in the future.