Carbonate reservoir lithology composition is complex, so only relying on a small number of rock cores, cuttings and several conventional log data is difficult to accurately show the vertical and horizontal distribution of reservoir lithology, thus affecting the forecast of reservoir space distribution. Taking the rock core and cutting logging data of Shangyujia dam carboniferous strata as the analysis sample, combined with the corresponding conventional logging data, this paper conducts the mathematical treatment. After the treatment, there are 12 parameters for stepwise discrimination function screening, and after multiple introduction and elimination, the discrimination function of various types of rocks is established. In which, limestone, gray dolomite, dolomite selected 9 parameters and dolomitic limestone selected 10 parameters. Through the comparison of the lithology discrimination results and cored interval, the coincidence rate of each type of lithology determination is above 85.39%, and the comprehensive coincidence rate is 91.49%, which shows that this method is feasible for the discrimination of carbonate reservoir lithology of the target layer.%碳酸盐岩储层岩性组成复杂，仅仅依靠少量的岩心、岩屑和几条常规的测井曲线资料很难准确地展现储层岩性的纵向及横向分布特征，从而影响对储层空间分布的预测。本文以上余家坝石炭系石炭系地层的岩心、岩屑录井资料为分析样本，结合对应的常规测井资料并对其进行数学处理，处理后共有12个参数供逐步判别函数筛选，经过多次的引入与剔除，建立了各类岩石的判别函数。其中灰岩、灰质云岩、云岩选择了9个参数；云质灰岩选择了10个参数。将岩性判别结果与取心井段的岩性对照，每类岩性的判别符合率都在85.39%以上，综合符合率为91.49%。说明本方法对目的层段碳酸盐岩储层岩性的识别是可行的。
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