民国乡村教育的知识论立场及其批判

摘要

民国乡村教育的知识论立场体现了传统中国与现代西方在知识结构、思维模式、认知空间、生存哲学等方面的不同，也即对待人生第一问题与第二问题的侧重偏差。传统中国社会侧重对第二问题的探索，文化较为早熟，其后果也是科学知识的落后和近代话语权利的旁落，乡村教育事业自然难逃此劫。或可预见，将来人类知识极度丰富，知识探索的重心从第一问题转向第二问题，传统中国伦理教化可能重获新生，但这需要坚守传统文化重生的前提。%Standpoints on rural education in the Republican period of China reflect differences be-tween traditional Chinese society and modern western world in knowledge structure,thinking mode, cognitive space and living philosophy,and the constant disputes originate from differences between western philosophy and Chinese philosophy,that is,differences in emphasis on the first versus the sec-ond question about life.Comparatively,traditional Chinese society attaches more importance to explo-ring the second question and the culture is quite premature,resulting in backward scientific knowledge and loss of the say in modern times.As a result,rural education cannot escape the disaster.However, it can be predicted that the emphasis on knowledge quest will shift from the first question to the sec-ond,with the abundance of human knowledge,in the near future.Correspondingly,rebirth of tradi-tional Chinese moral cultivation can be expected,but this requires the prerequisite of holding to the re-juvenation of traditional culture.