Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process which is capable of joining materials which are relatively difficult to be welded by fusion welding process. Further, this process is highly energy-efficient and environmental-friendly as compared to the fusion welding. Despite several advantages of FSW over fusion welding, the thermal cycles involved in FSW cause softening in joints generally in heat-treatable aluminum alloys (AAs) due to the dissolution or coarsening of the strengthening precipitates leading to decrease in mechanical properties. Underwater friction stir welding (UFSW) can be a process of choice to overcome these limitations. This process is suitable for alloys that are sensitive to heating during the welding and is widely used for heat-treatable AAs. The purpose of this article is to provide comprehensive literature review on current status and development of UFSW and its importance in comparison to FSW with an aim to discuss and summarize different aspects of UFSW. Specific attention is given to basic principle including material flow, temperature generation, process parameters, microstructure and mechanical properties. From the review, it is concluded that UFSW is an improved method compared with FSW for improving joint strength. Academicians, researchers and practitioners would be benefitted from this article as it compiles significantly important knowledge pertaining to UFSW.%搅拌摩擦焊接(FSW)是一种固态焊接方法,它能够焊接普通熔焊过程难以焊接的材料;且与熔焊相比,具有高效节能和环境友好的特点.尽管FSW与熔焊相比有更多的优点,但是FSW过程中的热循环会溶解或者粗化热处理铝合金中的沉淀强化相,使接头软化,从而导致其力学性能下降.水下搅拌摩擦焊接(UFSW)是一种可以克服这些缺陷的方法.这种方法适合于在焊接过程中对热敏感的合金,且已广泛用于热处理铝合金.本文对UFSW的研究现状和发展提供了全面的文献综述.与FSW进行对比,从不同角度讨论和总结UFSW的重要性;并对材料流动、温度变化、工艺参数、显微组织和力学性能等基本原理进行详细阐述.结果表明,与FSW相比,UFSW是一种可以改善接头强度的新方法.
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