机械通风式笼养鸡舍内外颗粒物特征与影响因素分析

摘要

High concentrations of particulate matter (PM) emitted from animal feeding operations (AFOs) may adversely affect the health of the farmers and welfare of animals.Large quantities of PM released to the atmosphere can be transported away from sources causing environmental problem and health issues of people living in the vicinity of farms as well.PM characterization was mainly talked about inside and outside of the mechanical ventilation of caged laying hen house which used the fan to release PM outside of the house,and the propagation law of PM was studied as well.Results showed that the concentration of fine PM,which was the most harmful to the human body,was mainly derived from the inside and outside of the house,and the concentration of the PM outside was up to 55.2％,which mainly came from inside;the smaller the PM size was,the farther the distance was away from the air,which was more likely to affect the health of the vicinity of the farms;by analyzing the concentration inside and outside of daily variation of PM,it was found that the inner staff activities and feeder disturbance inner deposition of PM led to the laying hen activity enhanced which would increase the concentration inside and outside.At the same time,indoor and outdoor PM concentrations were increased with the age of laying hen and air humidity;meanwhile,to control the indoor PM concentrations and using the appropriate measures to remove the indoor PM would help to ensure the health of staffs and welfare of animals,and reduce the hazards of PM to the surrounding environment.%以夏季机械通风式笼养蛋鸡舍内外颗粒物为研究对象,采用风机将鸡舍内颗粒物排放到舍外,监测舍内、外颗粒物浓度变化,并分析颗粒物的传播规律.结果表明:笼养蛋鸡舍内、外以对人体危害最大的细颗粒物为主,且鸡舍外颗粒物主要来源于舍内,其浓度最高可达到舍内的55.2％;鸡舍外颗粒物粒径越小,在空气中传播的距离越远,越容易对周围居民的健康造成影响.通过分析鸡舍内、外颗粒物浓度日变化发现,舍内工作人员活动和喂料机工作均会扰动舍内沉积的颗粒物,并惊动蛋鸡,致使蛋鸡活动性增强,引起舍内、外颗粒物浓度升高.同时,随着蛋鸡日龄的增加或空气湿度的下降,舍内、外颗粒物浓度均呈现升高的趋势.因此,控制鸡舍内颗粒物浓度并采用适当的降尘措施将有利于保障蛋鸡和工作人员的健康,减轻畜禽场颗粒物对周围环境的危害.