基于区位势理论的农村居民点用地整治分区与模式

摘要

农村居民点整治是农村土地整治的重要抓手，也是新农村建设的必然选择。该文引入经济地理学的区位势理论，从区位角度对农村居民点开展定量研究，提出农村居民点区位势的概念，分析影响区位势的因素，构建农村居民点区位势模型，计算农村居民点的区位势和区位势能。以居民点区位势和区位势能为表征量，采用 GIS技术对农村居民点进行分区，并对居民点采用不同整治模式。以河北省曲周县为例，运用该技术方法对居民点用地进行整治，研究结果体现了影响农居点用地发展的各项因素和现势性，符合当地实际，在土地整治规划应用中取得良好的效果，验证了理论的可行和实用。该研究为实现农村居民点多元化和因地制宜的整治和发展模式，为农村居民点整治规划开辟了一条途径。%Rural residential land consolidation is an important part of rural land consolidation, which is also helpful in redeveloping rural vacant and underutilized land, prompting rural land use intensity, improving agricultural production and facilitating rural infrastructure, etc. On the occasion of urban and rural integrated developments, relevant theories and practices should be advanced or adopted to improve the feasibility of local rural residential land consolidation. With the help of location potential theory, this paper performed quantitative analysis of rural residential land from a location perspective. After analyzing the impacting factors like traffic accessibility, comprehensive aggregation size and other factors on the location potential, the location potential model was built to calculate the location potential and corresponding location potential capacity of each rural residential land area. Then consolidation zones and corresponding modes were put forward according to the traits of the location potential and related capacity of each rural residential land via geographic information system software. This paper selected Quzhou County, Hebei Province, as a case to validate the feasibility of location potential theory in specific rural residential land consolidation. On the basis of analysis and overlap of the graphic data of traffic accessibility, comprehensive aggregation size, and other factors, location potential and corresponding location potential capacity of each rural residential land were acquired which could provide a platform for the determination of zones and modes. The final rural residential land consolidation modes in each zone can be classified into five types, namely reserving, modifying, expanding, rebuilding, and demolishing. Disituan Village in Disituan Town and Caishang Village in Quzhou Town are typical rural residential lands belonging to the demolishing type, which can be consolidated according to related village plans to strengthen the spatial distribution of county, town, and village functions. Making use of the fiscal, human, and industrial advantages, new villages with modern infrastructure could be developed. Preserving-typed villages like Baizhai Village in Baizhai Town and Qianhedao Village in Dahedao Town, etc., could be redeveloped according to township planning standards to prompt local urbanization for their high location potential capacity, high socioeconomic development, and large population. This type of rural residential land can also amalgamate nearby villages to form a larger one for uniformity in infrastructure, construction, and maintenance. Rural residential land belonging to modifying and expanding types can carry out self-service mode consolidation for their medium location potential capacity. With the help of village level industries, these rural residential land areas can compile their village plan to guide the demolition of unqualified buildings and construction of new residential land. Rebuilding type villages can be removed to larger villages or towns nearby to reduce the costs of municipal management. Vanishing type villages can be consolidated according to their future developing scenarios to realize diversified consolidation modes and methods, which also can be consolidated according to the adjacent village consolidation modes to conform to the feature of regional development. This research realizes the combination of location potential theory and rural residential land consolidation, which is helpful in the development and reconstruction of rural areas. The focus on the construction of urban centers of radiation and in-situ urbanization villages, control of the village-level self-service development village, guiding the development of backward dying villages, and relocation to integrate the five remediation modes were employed in this paper. The results showed that the regionalization project was optimal and reasonable, and the practicality of the model was verified. The paper, from the perspective of location for diversifying rural residential land of regulation, used a development model and adjusted measures to local conditions. The results reflect the current trend in rural residential land. This work could provide a new technique for rural residential land consolidation.