It is important for policy-making of irrigation to better understand if the irrigation area is overloaded. In this study, we explored the irrigation area overloading problem in basins of Tarim River in China in 2010 and 2020. The study focused mainly on four rivers and one mainstream in the Tarim River. The affordable irrigation area was calculated as the ratio of maximal irrigation amount for agriculture and gross irrigation quota. The available irrigation amount for agriculture was determined by subtracting water for lives, livestock, industry, ecology and discharged water to mainstream from total water amount. The data of irrigation area, gross irrigation quota, irrigation amount for lives, liverstock, and industry in 2010 were collected by investigation and provided by local administration. Those in 2020 were obtained according to an integrated management plan of Tarim river. Water for ecology was from previous studies. The overloading area was defined as the difference of real or planned irrigation area and maximal irrigation area. The results showed that: 1) There was a total of 17.1×105hm2irrigation area in four source streams and mainstream of Tarim River in 2010, while the maximum area allowed was only 12.9×105hm2, suggesting an overloaded area of 4.33×105hm2 that was about 33.6% overloaded; Except for the Hotan-river basin, the others basins such as Yarkant-river, Aksu, Kaidu river-kongque river and the main stream of Tarim River were overloaded by 0.87×105, 1.41×105, 1.65×105 and 0.40×105hm2, and corresponding to an overloading percentage of 21.0%, 35.2%, 84.6% and 66.7%; 2) In 2010, four basins were overloaded, but only three in 2020; in 2020 the overloading of the four source streams and mainstream of Tarim River decreased 2.98×105hm2 with the percentage of 68.86% compared with that in 2010; But the overloading was serious in basins of Kaidu river-kongque river and the mainstream of Tarim River with the overloading rate of 31.6% and 34.0%, respectively; 3) There were two main reasons for the increasing of environment capacity in 2020: one was the improvement of the level of water utilization, the irrigation quota in basins of Hortan river, Yarkant river, Aksu river Kaidu river-kongque river and the main stream of Tarim River in 2020 were decreased by 12.4%, 15.8%, 18.0%, 11.6% and 9.9%, respectively compared with that in 2010; the other reason was the reduction of planning irrigation area since the planning irrigation area in basins of Aksu river, Kaidu river-kongque river and the mainstream were reduced by 0.64×105, 1.23×105, and 0.01×105hm2, respectively. The study can provide data support for irrigation plan of the Tarim river basin.%为探讨不同水平年塔里木河流域可承载最大灌溉面积及超载情况，该文依据水量平衡原理，以当地实际情况调用水原则为基础，计算出2010年和2020年塔里木河流域4条源流和1条干流（四源一干）可承载的最大灌溉面积及实际灌溉面积。结果表明：1）2010年四源一干实际灌溉面积有17.1×105 hm2，而流域可承载最大灌溉面积只有12.9×105hm2，共超载了4.33×105 hm2，超载了33.6%，其中有4个流域超载严重，叶尔羌河、阿克苏河、开-孔河流域和塔里木河干流灌溉面积分别超载了21.0%、35.2%、84.6%、66.7%；2）与2010年相比，2020年预计只有3个流域超载而且各流域的超载比例均大幅度下降，超载面积总共减少了2.98×105 hm2，减少了68.86%。2020年环境承载力增加的主要原因可能在于：水资源利用水平提高和规划灌溉面积减少。该研究可为塔里木河流域绿洲规模的研究提供参考。
展开▼
