甜高粱茎秆残渣生料多菌种固态发酵生产蛋白饲料

摘要

Sweet sorghum is a high-energy crop which has many applications, such as producing sugars and fuel ethanol. The sweet sorghum stalk residues are discarded as waste. However, there are fat, protein, crude fiber and other carbohydrates in stalk residues which can be used to make protein feedstuff. To achieve the rapid promotion and large-scale application of producing protein feedstuff using sweet sorghum stalk residues, the solid state fermentation system was used. First, the physical and chemical parameters of the sweet sorghum stalk residues were determined, the total content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin was 73.75% (dry weight, the same below) and the crude protein content was 2.27%. Secondly, the combination ofAspergillus nige,Trichoderma reesei,Candida utilis andLactobacillus casei was optimized. The optimal combination of the strains was selected based on the component change of crude protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, crude ash and crude fat. The results showed that the fermentation after adding 4 strains was proper. In this condition, the cellulose content decreased by 27.0%, and the hemicellulose content decreased by 15.72%. The crude protein content in the combination added withLactobacillus casei increased by 26.96%, the crude ash content decreased by 15.49% and the crude fat decreased by 18.15%, compared with those without addingLactobacillus casei. Third, based on the optimal combination of the strains, 1% and 3% urea were respectively added in the sweet sorghum stalk residues to confirm the optimal content of urea. It indicated that the contents of crude protein and true protein were significantly improved with the addition of 1% urea. The true protein content was increased by 21.90% compared with that without the addition of urea under the same condition. In conclusion, the crude protein content of sweet sorghum stalk residues increased from 2.27% to 7.14% and its true protein increased from 2.01% to 6.41% after 8 days under the raw solid state fermentation along with inoculating 4 strains and adding 1% urea. This study provides an effective process to produce protein feedstuff from the raw sweet sorghum stalk residues feasibly on a large scale. It is helpful to explore an alternative of protein feedstuff in the animal husbandry industry. On the other hand, this can alleviate the environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of the sweet sorghum stalk residues, and has a very promising future.%为实现甜高粱茎秆残渣生产蛋白饲料的规模化应用，该研究将黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei），产朊假丝酵母（Candida utilis）和干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）进行优化组合，添加不同质量分数尿素对甜高粱茎秆残渣进行生料固态发酵生产蛋白饲料。试验通过对比发酵前后粗蛋白、真蛋白、粗灰分和粗脂肪质量分数变化发现：添加4种菌的复合菌株，再添加1%尿素发酵8 d后能使以甜高粱茎秆残渣为底物的饲料中纤维素由33.00%降低至24.09%，半纤维素由20.99%降低至17.69%；粗蛋白质量分数由2.27%提升至7.14%，真蛋白由2.01%提升至6.41%。该研究简化了甜高粱秸秆残渣规模化生产饲料蛋白的工艺，为该工艺的推广应用奠定基础。