清代古文选本的编选、评点及其文学批评意义

摘要

清代古文选本的编选和评点活动极为兴盛。从编选来看，提高八股文写作水平是古文选本编选的最终目的；崇尚理学，发挥教化作用是古文选本编选的重要宗旨；古文选本的选家普遍具有教师身份，选本具有便于初学的特点。从评点来看，清代古文选本的评点符号具有特定的形态及涵义；评语内容主要包括对文章历史背景与思想内容的阐释，对文章创作经验的总结以及对文章的鉴赏品评。清代古文选本的文学批评意义主要表现为，古文选本表达了对儒家正统文学观念的认同；对于认识清代古文宗尚有一定意义；促进了清代古文理论的丰富和发展。%Selecting and editing the ancient prose anthologies flourished in Qing Dynasty.This movement aimed to improve the writing level of eight-part essay and advocate neo-Confucianism.Most of the editors are also teachers, which makes the anthologies become easy for the beginner.The marks of the comments have specific forms and meanings, and the comments covered from historical background and ideological contents to the summary of the creative experience and the appreciation of these anthologies .The ancient prose anthologies of Qing Dynasty showed us the traditional Confucianism literary concepts and made us know better about the trend of literature of that time, these anthologies enriched and developed the literary theory of Qing Dynasty as well.