辽河流域水污染治理和水环境管理技术体系构建--国家重大水专项在辽河流域的探索与实践

摘要

The“Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment”is one of 16 major projects of the national medium and longterm science and technology development plan. The Liaohe River basin is one of key basins for state water pollution control. Based on the summary and analysis of water environmental problems,this paper introduces two technology systems including thought,target,frame-work,and content forwatershed water pollution control and treatment and management in Liaohe River basin. During the“11th Five-year”plan,some research and demonstration projects have been carried out successfully covering aquatic ecological function zoning,water quality benchmarking technology,aquatic ecological carry-ing capacity,water quality management in the control unit,water pollution control in key industries,and early warning and risk management of water environment. The two technology systems have played a positive signifi-cant role in the water quality improvement and ecological restoration of Liaohe River basin. A new water environ-mental management mode—“zoning,classification,grading,staging”mode— has been established in the whole basin,which will promote the spread of the watershed water quality target management.%　　水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项是国家中长期科技发展规划的16个重大专项之一，辽河流域是国家水污染治理的重点流域。在总结辽河流域水环境问题的基础上，阐述了水专项在辽河流域构建水污染治理和水环境管理两大技术体系的目标、思路、框架和内容。通过“十一五”的实施，水专项已经在辽河流域成功实施了流域水生态功能分区、水质基准制定、流域水生态承载力、控制单元水质目标管理、重点工业行业水污染治理以及水环境风险预警与风险管理等关键技术示范。两大技术体系的构建与实施对辽河流域的水质改善和生态恢复发挥了积极明显的作用。辽河流域已经初步形成流域统筹、“分区、分类、分级、分期”的水环境管理新模式，为流域水质目标管理在全国的推广起到了很好的示范作用。