煤矿粉尘影响三种典型荒漠植被生长的高光谱指数研究

摘要

To examine the influence of coal dust from mining on vegetative growth,three typical plants from near an open-pit coalmine in an arid region were selected,and their spectral signals were determined.The present study was conducted near the Wucaiwan open-pit coalmine in the East Junggar Basin in Xinjiang.We extracted nineteen vegetation indices and examined their correlation with the dust flux.The obj ective was to determine which parameters that quantify vegetation damage could provide a basis for environmental monito-ring in arid regions.The results indicate that when coal dust damages vegetation,both chlorophyll and mois-ture are reduced,and the amount of carotenoids increases with increasing coal dust.The pigment-specific nor-malized difference (PSNDb),structure-insensitive pigment index (SIPI)and plant water index (PWI)were the most sensitive indices,and sacsaoul was most sensitive to coal-dust pollution.%以新疆典型露天煤矿准东五彩湾开采区为研究区，选定并测定干旱煤矿区三种典型植物：梭梭、假木贼和琵琶柴的冠层光谱，分析植被对煤炭粉尘的波谱响应，旨在研究露天煤炭开采引起的煤炭粉尘扩散对植被生长的影响。研究基于植被冠层实测光谱，提取19种常用的植物色素指数和水分指数，通过不同指数同煤炭粉尘降尘量的相关性的研究，探讨植被生长受损的关键参数及对煤炭粉尘影响敏感的指示性植被，为干旱煤矿区植被受损监测提供评价依据。结果表明：在干旱露天煤矿区植被受到煤炭粉尘污染的过程中，从植被指数的角度可以间接确定，随着煤炭粉尘量的增加，叶绿素以及水分的含量会减少，而类胡萝卜素的含量会增加；植被体内的水分和叶绿素含量对煤炭粉尘量的响应较为敏感；在指示叶绿素（包括叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素）的指数中色素归一化指数b（PSNDb）敏感性较强；在指示类胡萝卜素的指数中结构不敏感色素指数（SIPI）敏感性较强；在指示水分的指数中植被水分指数（PWI）敏感性较强；三种植物中梭梭对煤炭粉尘量的增加较为敏感。