中国不同光气候分区地面日光光谱的观测与分析

摘要

我国地域辽阔，各地光气候有很大区别，为了扩大和提高太阳能与天然光的利用范围及利用效率，采用一种便携式的光谱扫描仪，对我国不同光气候分区的7个代表性城市（昆明、西宁、北京、深圳、南京、南昌和重庆）一天中不同太阳高度角对应时刻的地面直射日光光谱在380～780 nm可见光谱段进行了跟踪观测，分析了不同光气候分区城市一天中不同太阳高度角对应时刻的日光光谱变化规律，比较了不同光气候分区城市的日光光谱曲线，总结了日光光谱辐射强度的影响因素。分析表明：不同光气候分区城市一天中不同太阳高度角对应时刻的日光光谱辐射强度不同，但日光光谱功率的分布和走向基本一致，总体呈先上升后下降的趋势，最大峰值出现在475 nm附近，380～475 nm之间光谱功率分布曲线出现陡升，475～700 nm之间曲线有下降趋势但基本平稳，＞700 nm曲线出现了反复的较大起伏；不同光气候分区城市的日光光谱功率分布曲线的分布和走向也基本一致，没有明显的与不同光气候分区直接相关的日光光谱功率分布差异性规律；日光光谱辐射强度与太阳高度角和日面状况密切相关。%The territory of China is vast ,so the daylight climates of different regions are not the same. In order to expand the utilization scope and improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy and daylight resources ,this article observed and analyzed the ground daylight spectra of China’s different light climate partitions. Using a portable spectrum scanner ,this article did a tracking observation of ground direct daylight spectra in the period of 380~780 nm visible spectrum of different solar elevation angles during one day in seven representative cities of china’s different light climate partitions. The seven representative cities in-cluded Ku nming ,Xining ,Beijing ,Shenzhen ,Nanjing ,Nanchang and Chongqing. According to the observation results ,this ar-ticle analyzed the daylight spectrum changing law ,compared the daylight spectrum curves of different light climate partitions cit-ies ,and summarized the influence factors of daylight spectral radiation intensity. The Analysis of the ground direct daylight spectra showed that the daylight spectral radiation intensity of different solar elevation angles during one day of china ’s different light climate partitions cities was different ,but the distribution and trend of daylight power spectra were basically the same which generally was first increased and then decreased. The maximum peak of spectral power distribution curve appeared at a-bout 475 nm ,and there were a steep rise between 380~475 nm and a smooth decline between 475~700 nm while repeatedly big ups and downs appearing after 700 nm. The distribution and trend of daylight power spectra of china’s different light climate partitions cities were basically the same ,and there was no obvious difference between the daylight spectral power distribution curves and the different light climate partitions. The daylight spectral radiation intensity was closely related to the solar elevation angle and solar surface condition.