This paper reports a new process for direct nitrification of benzene to nitrobenzene with TS1 zeolite as catalyst, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst, ammonia as regulator and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, oxidant dosage and the regulator on the process were investigated. The optimum reaction conditions were found as follows: reaction time 2 h, reaction temperature 343 K, ammonia/catalyst/hydrogen peroxide/phase transfer catalyst/benzene (molar ratio) = 2. 80 : 0. 10 : 2.52: 0. 005 : 1 with 54.67％yield of nitrobenzene. The reaction mechanism of benzene to nitrobenzene was proposed.%实验以苯为原料、氨水为胺化剂、双氧水为氧化剂、TS-1分子筛为催化剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,苯直接制硝基苯.考察了反应温度、反应时间、氧化剂用量对苯直接硝基化反应的影响,确定了反应的最佳条件:反应时间2 h,应温度343 K,n(氨水):n(催化剂):n(双氧水):n(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵):n(苯)=2.80:0.10:2.52:0.005:1,硝基苯产率达54.67%,提出了由苯制硝基苯反应过程的机理.
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