环境减灾卫星高光谱数据在减灾中的应用研究

摘要

The capacity and accuracy of the disaster early warning and monitoring capabilities can be improved by the research on the disaster reduction using Chinese HJ-1A hyperspectral data.At the same time,the scope of the domestic satellite hyperspectral data applications can be expanded.The parameters of HJ-1A hyperspectral data are introduced and the principles of disasters monitoring using hyperspectral data are elaborated in this paper.Then the application status and potential of HJ-1A hyperspectral data are analyzed and evaluated in the field of disaster reduction.The results indicate that HSI data can meet the need in the early warning and monitoring of the drought,flood,snow and ice hazards,geological hazards and biological hazards. Finally,the pressing problems in the processing of HJ-1A hyperspectral data are pointed out.The first problem is to improve the data parameters,the second is to improve the data progressing procedure,and the third is to build the spectra library.%利用中国环境减灾-1A（HJ-1A）卫星高光谱数据开展减灾应用研究,可提高灾害预警监测能力,提高灾害预警监测精度,拓展国产星载高光谱数据应用的广度和深度。文章简要介绍了HJ-1A高光谱数据的主要特征,阐述了高光谱灾害监测的原理,初步开展了该数据在减灾领域中的应用研究,并展望了HJ-1A高光谱数据在区域土壤有机碳估算等其他行业的应用潜力。结果表明：HJ-1A高光谱数据能够满足干旱、火灾、洪涝、低温雨雪冰冻灾害、地质灾害、生物灾害等主要灾害类型预警、监测和评估需要。针对HJ-1A高光谱数据应用过程中存在的幅宽窄、速度慢和工程化应用水平低等问题,提出了建议：一是完善后续星数据指标;二是改进高光谱成像仪（HSI）大气纠正等数据处理方法;三是构建面向灾害领域的地物光谱库。