玉米马铃薯间作系统中玉米的恢复性生长

摘要

[目的]间作时,2种作物的种植时间常常不同,晚种作物一般会因先种作物的抑制而在中后期表现出恢复性生长,这对晚种作物的产量和间作增产优势大小有重要影响.本文主要研究玉米马铃薯间作中间作玉米是否存在恢复性生长以及什么时期开始恢复性生长.[方法]以4行玉米间作4行马铃薯、单作玉米和单作马铃薯为研究对象,对间作玉米、单作玉米的株高、茎粗和叶面积等生育指标进行动态观测.[结果]从玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积和生物量数据来看,玉米移栽后75 d之内,单作玉米的生长速度大于间作玉米,间作玉米边2行的生长速度大干边1行;玉米移栽75 d之后,单作玉米的生长速度小于间作玉米,间作玉米边2行的生长速度小于边1行.[结论]玉米马铃薯间作中,玉米表现了恢复性生长;其开始时期是单作玉米、间作玉米边1行、间作玉米边2行三者的株高、茎粗、叶面积和生物量差距由扩大趋势变为缩小趋势的时期,这一发现有利于在生产实践中确定玉米恢复性生长的开始时期,从而采取针对性的管理措施.%[Objective] In intercropping system,two intercropped crops are usually not planted at the same time.The late-planted crop generally shows restorative growth in mid-to-late stage due to its suppression by the early-planted crop in early stage.This undoubtedly has important influence on the yield of the late-planted crop and the yield advantage of intercropping.The main purpose of this study is to investigate whether the intercropped maize has a restorative growth and when it starts its restorative growth in maize and potato intercropping.[Method]4 rows of maize with 4 rows of potato,sole maize and sole potato as the research object,the plant height,stem diameter and leaf area of intercropped maize and sole maize were observed.[Result] The experimental results showed that:by the data of maize plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and biomass,within DAT (days after transplanting) 75,the growth rate of sole maize was greater than that of intercropped maize,and the growth rate of intercropped maize inner row was greater than that of boundary row;whereas after DAT 75,the growth rate of sole maize was less than that of intercropped maize,and the growth rate of intercropped maize inner row was less than that of boundary row.[Conclusion] The result of present study has indicated that,in maize/potato intercropping system,the maize showed restorative growth;and its start time was just in the period in which the difference of plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and biomass among the treatments of sole maize,intercropped maize boundary row and inner row changed to a decreasing trend from an increasing trend.These findings are helpful to determine the start time of restorative growth of maize in the production practice,so as to take the corresponding management measures.