文章基于EMO (出口导向)模型和组织行为学的思路，利用出口企业的调研样本实证考察了学习和认知能力对企业出口绩效的作用；实证发现“出口信息”和“出口记忆”有利于促进产品规模、产品范围以及市场范围的多重扩张；学习认知倒U假说的验证表明企业不能过度依赖信息和记忆，且两者的出口边际贡献具有互补性和替代性。进一步经验回归发现“传统产品”纯规模出口对新市场信息获取的依赖性较弱，但更加依赖自身的经验值(出口记忆)；而“新产品”的外延边际扩张则更加依赖新“出口信息”的获取和反馈程度以及同行群体中的集体经验值；企业新地理市场的边际扩张更加依赖集体经验值。结论认为，企业通过学习和自我经验积累的同时，充分接受集体知识溢出效应正成为出口竞争优势的重要来源之一。政策意义在于突出当前信息“大数据”( Big Data)时代企业组织学习的价值，如强化组织培训；出口企业需建立一套系统的组织学习体系(包括市场信息搜索系统、企业出口经验案例库等)，从而提升出口竞争力。%Based on EMO model and the idea of organizational behavior, this paper attempts to study the learning and cognitive effect on export performance of firms. It is found that the export information and export memory help to promote the product scale, product range and the multiple expansion of market range;The verified inverted-U hypothesis of learning cognitive indicates that firms should not over-rely on information on the information and memory, also the marginal export contribution are both complementary and alternative. Further regression finds rather than the new market information, traditional products rely more on their own experience ( export memory ); While the extension marginal expansion of new products rely more on the new export information, its feedback degree and the collective experience in peers. Marginal expansion of the new geographic market is more dependent on collective experience. In conclusion, while firms learn and accumulate experience, simultaneously, fully acceptance of the collective knowledge spillover effect officially becomes an important source of export competitiveness. Its policy significances highlight the value of organization learning in current information “big data” ( Big Data) time, such as strengthening the organization of training. Exporters need to establish a system of organizational learning system ( including market information search system, export experience cases libraries) , so as to enhance export competitiveness.
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