闽东沿海传统民居气候适应性研究——以长乐'九头马'古民居群为例

摘要

闽东民居是福建民居的重要组成部分,结合闽东沿海地区的文献史料和气象背景,以典型的闽东沿海传统民居长乐"九头马"古民居群为例,从整体环境、空间层次和细部构造策略三个方面分析其适应气候方面的特征.宏观层面,聚落选址利用周边环境,注重体量组合,趋利避害,因地制宜.中观层面,民居群空间组织有序,外部的"埕"和冷巷,内部院落布局中的厅井、敞廊、檐廊等热缓冲空间,共同组成气候空间系统.微观层面,就地取材,适宜的建构技术体现气候适应原则.%Traditional residences in coastal regions of east Fujian is important part of Fujian residences. Features of climate adaptation are analysed from three aspects, overall environment, space hierarchy and detail structure, through a case of Changle 'Nine Horses' residence based on historical documents and the meteorological statistics. On macrolevel, choice of settlement location considers surrounding environment and combination of volumes. On mesolevel, space is well organized. Elements such as the"Cheng",cold alley outside and thermal buffer zones (like atrium, passage and veranda) are coordinated to constitute a climate space system. On microlevel, use local raw materials and construction technology also reflect the principle of climate adaptation.