贵州铜仁地区主要烟区植烟土壤养分状况

摘要

为明确贵州省铜仁烟区土壤养分状况,为优质烟叶的生产提供理论依据,从铜仁地区4个主要植烟县区采集90个土壤样品,分析其养分含量,并采用主成分分析法和模糊数学隶属度函数模型,通过估算土壤适宜性指数(SFI)对土壤养分状况进行综合评价.结果表明:铜仁地区植烟土壤pH值偏高,土壤有机质含量平均为26.1 g/kg,较为丰富,土壤全氮和碱解氮含量适宜,部分土壤全磷含量偏低,速效磷含量较高,土壤全钾含量偏低,土壤速效钾不均衡,适宜范围150～220 mg/kg的土壤样品只占24.44％.土壤肥力存在广泛变异,其土壤肥力指标(SFI)值平均为0.68,变幅为0.29～0.94,变异系数为17.04％.根据SFI值的大小将全区土壤肥力分为高、较高、中等、较低和低5个等级,其中高和较高等级肥力的土壤占45.56％,其中德江的SFI平均值较高,而思南的IFI平均值较低.在生产过程中,应针对不同烟区的土壤养分状况强调因地制宜、分类指导,采用不同的烤烟专用复合肥配方,提高植烟土壤的养分均衡供应能力.%In order to investigate nutrients in tobacco growing soils of Tongren and to provide the theoretical basis for die production of tobacco with good quality, 90 soil samples were collected and analyzed from 4 tobacco growing counties in Tongren and the methods of principal component analysis and membership function of fuzzy mathematics were used to estimate the status of soil fertility by means of estimating SFI. The results showed that pH value was slightly high. The average content of soil organic matter content was 26.1 g/kg, which was sufficient Soil total and available N were appropriate to tobacco growth. Soil available P was high, but total P content was partial low. Soil total K was low and available K content varied widely, only 24.44% of the samples were in the suitable range (150-220 mg/kg). Soil fertility showed a big variation, soil fertility index (SFI) ranged from 0.29 to 0.94, with an average of 0.68 and the variation coefficient of 17.04%. According to the value of SFI, soil fertility was classified as 5 levels: high, less higher, middle, low and lower. Soil with fertility at high and higher grade accounted for 45.56%. Soil nutrient in Dejiang areas was higher but lower in Sinan areas. It suggested that management of soil fertility should be based on the particular site by the means of fertilization and using different fertilization prescription for different nutrients in order to improve the reasonable availability of nutrients.