硅酸盐钝化剂在土壤重金属污染修复中的研究与应用

摘要

土壤重金属污染治理是目前我国土壤污染治理的重点,黏土矿物、单硅酸盐及硅肥等硅酸盐钝化修复材料是重要的土壤重金属化学稳定剂.本文通过综述硅酸盐钝化剂的分类与特点,阐明了硅酸盐钝化剂在土壤重金属污染修复过程中的吸附、沉淀及植物-微生物作用机理与影响因素,提出将土壤重金属污染修复与农作物增产相结合,开发具有枸溶、缓释特性,对重金属具备吸附、沉淀与生物抑制功能且有利于农作物生长的长效硅酸盐土壤重金属钝化剂具有重要的实际意义.%Heavy metal pollution of soil is currently the emphasis of soil remediation in China. Silicate passivation agent such as clay minerals, monosilicate and silicon fertilizers are important heavy metal stabilizer. This paper summarized the classification and characteristics of silicate passivation agent, clarified the mechanism of adsorption, sedimentation, plant-microbial and influence factors for the passivation of heavy metal, and pointed out that it is of great practical significance in the future to research and develop long-acting silicate passivator which is citrate acid soluble, slow-release and can not only adsorb, sedimentate and inhibite heavy metals in soil but also promote crop growth.