Iron (Fe) is an essential microelement for plant growth. Although Fe is the most abundant nutrient in the mineral solid phase of soils, its presence in soil solution is negligible. Fe deficiency is a major nutritional disorder in crops, especially on calcareous soils. The solution for Fe deficiency by agronomic practices or by breeding and obtaining genetically modified plants is not efficient enough, therefore, the application of Fe fertilizers still remains the efficient strategy to overcome Fe deficiency. Inorganic Fe fertilizers ( e. g. , FeS04 · 7H2O) and Fe-complex fertilizers ( e. g. , lignosulfonates and humates) are frequently-used in domestic market. EDTA-Fe chelate is low stable, and EDTA can become diketopiper-azine, being the persistent organic pollutant in the environment. Synthetic Fe chelates ( e. g. , EDDHA/Fe3+ , EDDHMA/ Fe3 + , EDDHSA/Fe3 + ) either applied to the soil or delivered to the foliage, are common used in abroad. Also, some new slow-releasing Fe fertilizers and biodegradable Fe chelates ( e. g. , IDHA/Fe3 + , EDDS/Fe3 + ) have appeared in the market. This review covers the research progress on varieties, properties and effectiveness of Fe fertilizers in the recent years.%铁是植物正常生长必需的微量营养元素之一.铁虽然在土壤中的丰度很高,但植物可以吸收利用的有效铁很少,导致植物极易缺铁,尤其是在干旱、半干旱的石灰性土壤上,缺铁现象较为严重.利用农艺和生物技术手段解决植物缺铁的效果尚不十分明显,施用铁肥仍是纠正植物缺铁常用的有效方法.国内常用铁肥品种主要有硫酸亚铁为主的无机铁肥和一些有机物与铁复合形成的铁肥(木质素磺酸铁、腐殖酸铁).乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)铁肥稳定性相对较低,且EDTA会转化成二酮哌嗪,成为持久性有机污染物.国外推广使用乙二胺二邻羟苯基乙酸(EDDHA)、乙二胺二(2-羟基-4-甲酰-苯基)乙酸(EDDHMA)、乙二胺二(2-羟基-4-磺基-苯基)乙酸(EDDHSA)等新型螯合铁肥,用作土施或叶面喷施.另外市场上也出现了新型缓释铁肥和一些可生物降解螯合铁肥,如亚氨基二琥珀酸铁(IDHA/Fe3+)和乙二胺二琥珀酸铁(EDDS/Fe3+).本文就常见的铁肥品种及其性质与效果等方面的研究进展进行了综述.
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